66 terms in this chapter
hyperpituitarism after adulthood causing abnormal continued growth of bones and tissues of the face, hands, and feet
gradual adrenal-gland failure resulting in insufficient production of steroid hormones (cortisol and aldosterone); hypoadrenalism
antidiuretic hormone
adrenal gland
body mass index
basal metabolic rate
calcium
continuous glucose monitoring
congenital condition of severe thyroid hormone deficiency, characterized by arrested physical and mental development; formerly called cretinism
real-time glucose measurement using a subcutaneous sensor; used in diabetes management
primary stress hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates metabolism and immune response
disorder caused by hypersecretion of cortisol by the adrenal cortex, resulting in altered fat distribution (moon face, buffalo hump) and muscle weakness
diabetes insipidus
disorder caused by insufficient antidiuretic hormone (ADH), characterized by excessive thirst and output of dilute urine; unrelated to blood sugar
autoimmune metabolic disorder where the pancreas secretes no insulin, requiring lifelong insulin replacement
chronic metabolic disorder characterized by cellular insulin resistance and eventual decline in insulin production
life-threatening complication of severe hyperglycemia (usually Type 1 DM) where the body breaks down fat, producing toxic ketones
diabetic ketoacidosis
diabetes mellitus
hyposecretion of growth hormone during childhood, resulting in an abnormally small but proportionate adult
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the endocrine system and hormone imbalances
hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla that stimulates the sympathetic nervous system; adrenaline
abnormal outward protrusion of the eyeballs, frequently associated with Graves' disease
fasting blood glucose, fasting blood sugar
finger stick blood sugar
growth hormone
type of hyperpituitarism causing hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood, resulting in an abnormally large adult
enlargement of the thyroid gland, often manifesting as a noticeable swelling in the anterior neck
autoimmune hyperthyroidism characterized by thyrotoxicosis, goiter, and exophthalmos
glucose tolerance test
chronic, autoimmune inflammatory condition of the thyroid leading to hypothyroidism; most common cause of underactive thyroid
glycated hemoglobin (measure of average blood glucose over 2-3 months)
excessive, male-pattern body-hair development in females, often due to androgen overproduction
same, unchanging
hormone replacement therapy
condition where adrenal glands release excessive aldosterone, causing sodium retention and hypertension; Conn's syndrome
overactive parathyroid glands producing excessive parathyroid hormone (PTH), leading to hypercalcemia and bone weakness
underactive parathyroid glands causing low PTH levels and subsequent hypocalcemia
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (historically type 1 diabetes)
hormone produced by the beta cells of the pancreas that allows glucose to enter cells, lowering blood sugar levels
continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion device for diabetes management, providing basal and bolus insulin
condition where cells fail to respond normally to insulin, leading to hyperinsulinemia and risk of Type 2 diabetes
potassium
cluster of conditions including central obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, increasing cardiovascular and diabetes risk
group of inherited conditions causing tumors in multiple endocrine glands (MEN1, MEN2A, MEN2B)
severe form of adult hypothyroidism causing nonpitting edema in connective tissue, lethargy, and weight gain
sodium
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (historically type 2 diabetes)