45 terms in this chapter
pertaining to motion or movement
pertaining to breakdown or destruction
mimicking, simulating
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (blood pressure lowering drug)
unintended, harmful reaction to a drug at normal doses; also called side effect
medication that reduces or eliminates pain (e.g., acetaminophen, opioids)
medication that causes a temporary loss of sensation or consciousness
medication that inhibits the growth of or destroys bacteria
medication that prevents or slows the clotting of blood; commonly called a blood thinner
medication that prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting
medication that treats fungal infections (e.g., fluconazole, amphotericin B)
medication used to lower high blood pressure
medication used to manage psychosis (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder)
medication that inhibits viral replication (e.g., acyclovir, remdesivir)
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (blood pressure lowering drug)
medication class used for anxiety, seizures, and sedation (e.g., diazepam, lorazepam)
medication that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, used for hypertension, arrhythmias, and heart failure (e.g., metoprolol)
fraction of an administered drug that reaches systemic circulation unchanged
large-molecule drugs derived from living cells; used in autoimmune diseases and cancer (e.g., adalimumab, rituximab)
medication class that inhibits bone resorption, used in osteoporosis (e.g., alendronate)
medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs
medication that blocks calcium channels, used for hypertension and arrhythmias (e.g., amlodipine, verapamil)
a specific situation, condition, or symptom in which a particular drug or procedure should not be used because it may be harmful
steroid hormone medications used to reduce inflammation (e.g., prednisone, hydrocortisone)
state where the body adapts to a drug, causing withdrawal symptoms upon cessation
medication that increases urine output, often used to treat edema and hypertension
Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drug; used in autoimmune diseases (e.g., methotrexate, hydroxychloroquine)
effect where one drug alters the action of another drug, potentially increasing or decreasing efficacy or toxicity
metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation, reducing its bioavailability
drug class for diabetes and obesity (e.g., semaglutide, tirzepatide) that stimulates insulin secretion and promotes weight loss
the amount of time it takes for half of a drug's active substance to be eliminated from the body
medication that reduces immune system activity, used in transplant and autoimmune diseases (e.g., cyclosporine, tacrolimus)
medication used to stabilize mood in bipolar disorder (e.g., lithium, valproate)
the study of what a drug does to the body (its effects and mechanisms of action)
the study of what the body does to a drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion)
an inactive substance given in place of a medication, often used in clinical trials
Proton pump inhibitor (acid reducer for the stomach)
drug class for diabetes, heart failure, and kidney disease (e.g., dapagliflozin, empagliflozin)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (common class of antidepressants)
medication class that lowers cholesterol by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (e.g., atorvastatin, rosuvastatin)
joint action of two drugs so that their combined effect is greater than the sum of their individual effects
any substance, drug, or environmental agent that causes abnormal development or physical defects in a fetus
ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose; a narrow index indicates a high risk of toxicity
reduced response to a drug after repeated use, requiring higher doses for the same effect
physical and psychological symptoms that occur when a drug is discontinued after dependence