53 terms in this chapter
computer systems that simulate human intelligence; used in medical imaging, diagnostics, drug discovery
monoclonal antibody linked to a cytotoxic drug, delivering chemotherapy directly to cancer cells
ability of microbes to resist antimicrobial drugs; a major global health threat
short synthetic nucleic acids that modulate gene expression; used in genetic disorders (e.g., nusinersen for SMA)
biologic product that is highly similar to an already approved biologic (reference product)
engineered antibody binding to two different antigens, used in cancer immunotherapy
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell therapy; genetically engineered T-cells to target cancer
effects of global climate change on human health (heat stress, vector-borne diseases, air quality)
computer-based tools that provide actionable information to clinicians at the point of care
test used to determine if a patient will benefit from a specific targeted therapy
mutations affecting transmissibility, severity, or immune evasion (e.g., Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron). Omicron is the dominant variant as of 2023-2026.
gene-editing technology (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)
fragments of tumor DNA found in the blood; used for monitoring cancer
life-threatening hyperinflammatory response in severe COVID-19 and other infections
evidence-based software applications that treat or manage medical conditions
digital version of a patient's paper chart; contains comprehensive health data across providers
digital version of a patient's chart within a single healthcare organization
sudden increase in disease cases in a specific population
study of heritable changes in gene expression without alterations to DNA sequence (e.g., methylation)
sequencing only the protein-coding regions (exome) of the genome
standard for exchanging healthcare data electronically; developed by HL7
co-infection with influenza and COVID-19
introduction of genetic material into cells to treat or prevent disease
study of the complete set of genes (genome) and their interactions
mobile applications for health tracking, education, and disease management
higher burden of disease in certain populations
fair opportunity for everyone to achieve optimal health
ability to obtain and understand health information to make informed decisions
differences in access, quality, and outcomes of healthcare across population groups
AI system trained on vast text data; used in medical documentation, summarization, and patient communication
non-invasive test detecting tumor DNA or cells in blood or other body fluids
mobile health; use of mobile devices and apps for health information and interventions
subset of AI where algorithms improve through experience; used in predictive modeling and pattern recognition
analysis of molecular markers (DNA, RNA, proteins) in tumors to guide treatment
lab-made antibodies targeting the virus; used for early COVID-19 treatment
vaccine using messenger RNA to instruct cells to produce a viral protein and trigger an immune response; used for COVID-19
high-throughput DNA sequencing technology; used for genomic profiling
collaborative approach recognizing the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health
global spread of a disease (e.g., COVID-19)
oral antiviral (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) for treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19
medication taken after potential HIV exposure to prevent infection
study of how genes affect drug response; guides personalized prescribing
tailoring medical treatment to individual characteristics (genetic, environmental, lifestyle)
preventive medication taken by HIV-negative individuals to reduce risk of HIV infection
intravenous antiviral for severe COVID-19
use of digital technologies to collect health data from patients at home and transmit to providers
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus causing COVID-19
conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age; affect health outcomes
broader term including telemedicine, remote monitoring, and health education
remote delivery of healthcare services using telecommunications technology