113 terms in this chapter
abdomen
failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax, leading to dilation and expansion of the lower esophagus
anus
small tear or crack in the lining of the anal canal, causing pain and bleeding during bowel movements
physical and psychiatric disorder with intense fear of weight gain, distorted body image, and self-imposed starvation
appendix
inflammation of the appendix, a medical emergency
abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal (abdominal) cavity, often related to liver disease
group of procedures that treat morbid obesity (e.g., gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy)
bile
bowel movement
partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
cheek
physical and psychiatric disorder with obsessive eating of huge quantities of food followed by purging (vomiting or laxatives)
Clostridioides difficile (bacterium causing severe diarrhea and colitis)
intestinal illness caused by Campylobacter organisms from contaminated food or water
cecum
autoimmune disorder where small intestine lining is damaged by dietary gluten, impairing nutrient absorption
lip
bile, gall
bile duct
gallbladder
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually secondary to gallstones
common bile duct
condition of having gallstones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by extensive scarring (fibrosis) and loss of normal structure
colon (large intestine)
surgical removal of all or part of the colon, performed for colorectal cancer, IBD, or diverticulitis
benign growths on the inner lining of the colon, some of which can progress to colorectal cancer
visual examination of the inner surface of the colon using a flexible endoscope
malignancy of the colon or rectum, usually arising from adenomatous polyps; the third most common cancer
inflammatory bowel disease causing inflammation and edema deep into layers of the lining of any part of the GI tract; also called regional enteritis
teeth
inflammation or infection of one or more diverticula (tiny pouches in the intestinal wall)
condition where diverticula form in the intestinal wall due to increased pressure, typically without symptoms
duodenum (first part of small intestine)
difficulty in swallowing
dangerous strain of Escherichia coli that produces toxins severely damaging the intestinal lining, causing bloody diarrhea and potential kidney failure
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
the action or process of vomiting
intestine (usually refers to small intestine)
chronic allergic inflammatory condition of the esophagus, with eosinophilic infiltration
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
esophagus
malignancy of the esophagus, primarily squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma; strongly associated with GERD and Barrett's esophagus
enlarged, varicose veins at the distal end of the esophagus, highly prone to life-threatening rupture
inflammation of the esophageal lining
abnormal connection or passageway between two organs or vessels, often occurring in the GI tract
fecal occult blood test (colorectal cancer screening)
acute gastrointestinal illness caused by eating food contaminated with bacterial or toxic organisms